What is the current web standards?
Web design and development is commonly discussed in terms of “layers” (and sometimes, even a “layer cake,” which is more enticing), borrowing a layer model from one commonly used for describing network protocols.
The marked up document forms the structural layer, which is the foundation on which other layers may be applied. Next come the presentation layer, specific with cascading style sheets, that provides instructions on how the document should look on the screen, sound when it sired aloud, or be formatted when it is printed. On top of these layers, there may also be a behavioral layer, the scripting and programming that adds interactivity and dynamic effects to a site. This you can find links to all three CSS specifications on this page: WWW.w3.org/style/CSS.
Behavioral Layer
The scripting and programming of the behavioral layer adds interactivity and dynamic effect to a site.
Object Models
The Document Object Models (DOM) allows scripts and applications to access and update the content, structure, and style of a document by formally naming each part of the document, its attributes, and how that object may be manipulated. In the beginning, each major browser had its own DOM, making it difficult to create interactive effects for all browsers.
Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 (Core)
This version covers core HTML and XML documents as well as document navigation and manipulation. The Dom Level 1 Specification can be found at w3c.org/TR/REC-Dom-Level-1/.
Dom Level 2
Level 2 includes a style sheet object model, making it possible to manipulate style information. Links to the core and other modules of the DOM Level 2 Specification are available at WWW.w3c.org/DOM/DOMTR.
Scripting
Netscape introduced its web scripting language, JavaScript, with it’s Navigator 2.0 browser. It was originally called “Live script” but was later co-branded by sun, and “Java” was added to the moniker. Microsoft countered with its own JSript while supporting some level of JavaScript in its Version 3.0 browser. The need for a cross-browser standard was clear.
JavaScript 1.5/ECMAScript 262
The W3C is developing a standardized version of JavaScript in coordination with the Ecma International, an international industry association dedicated to the standardization of information and communication system. According to the Mozilla site, Netscape’s JavaScript is a super set of the ECMAScript standard scripting language, with only mild difference from the published standard. In general practice, most developers simply refer to “JavaScript,” and the standard implementation is implied.
The full specification can be found at
www.ecma-international.org/publication/standards/Ecma-262.htm
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